The Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien "flying swallow" is a Japanese World War II fighter aircraft. Used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service, it was designated the "Army Type 3 Fighter". Allied intelligence initially believed Ki-61s were Messerschmitt Bf 109s and later an Italian Macchi C.202, which led to the Allied reporting name of "Tony", assigned by the United States War Department. The design originated as a variant of the Kawasaki Ki-60, which never entered production. The Ki-61 became the only mass-produced Japanese fighter of the war to use a liquid-cooled inverted V engine. Over 3,000 Ki-61s were produced. Initial prototypes saw action over Yokohama during the Doolittle Raid on 18 April 1942, and continued to fly combat missions throughout the war.

History:
First flight:1941
Introduction date:1942
Main users: IJAAS, CNAF, IDAF, PLAAF.
Number build: 3078
Manufacturer: Kawasaki

Performance:
Maximum speed: 580 km/h (360 mph, 310 kn) at 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
Range: 580 km (360 mi, 310 nmi)
Service ceiling: 11,600 m (38,100 ft)
Rate of climb: 15.2 m/s (2,990 ft/min)
Time to altitude: 7.0 min to 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
Wing loading: 173.5 kg/m2 (35.5 lb/sq ft)
Power/mass: 0.25 kW/kg (0.15 hp/lb)

Armament:
2× 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Ho-103 machine guns
2× 20 mm (0.79 in) Ho-5 cannons

AG1 for canopy, AG2 for nav lights, VTOL down for flaps, trim for trim.