The T-90M (“Proryv-3”) is the latest in-service main battle tank developed by Russia within the T-72/T-90 lineage and is intended to serve as a core platform of the Russian armored forces. It features a newly designed welded turret and a deeply modernized hull, armed with the 125 mm 2A46M-5 main gun, capable of firing advanced APFSDS rounds as well as gun-launched anti-tank guided missiles. Combined with a digital fire-control system and modern thermal sights, the T-90M offers improved first-round hit probability in day, night, and adverse weather conditions. Power is provided by the upgraded V-92S2F diesel engine (approximately 1,130 hp), ensuring good mobility while keeping overall weight within practical limits, reflecting Russia’s preference for comprehensive modernization rather than a completely new-generation design.In terms of protection, the T-90M employs a layered and integrated defensive architecture. Key areas of the hull and turret are covered with Relikt explosive reactive armor, which significantly reduces the penetration effectiveness of modern APFSDS kinetic rounds and tandem-charge warheads. In addition, the tank can be equipped with the Arena (Arena-M) hard-kill active protection system, using millimeter-wave radar to detect incoming anti-tank guided missiles and rocket-propelled grenades and intercept them at close range. Working in conjunction with the composite base armor and electronic countermeasures, this combination provides the T-90M with a progressive defense from passive protection to reactive and active interception, greatly enhancing survivability in high-threat anti-armor environments.