firstly you need to know the parts of a plane

1 Fuselage

The fuselage is the technical name for the main body of an aircraft which consists of a passenger cabin, cockpits, and cargo compartment

1 Wings

Wings are the main key to fly. It generates lift. Without them, you can't fly from a bird to a plane.
Types of wings:-

Rectangular wings

Rectangular wings are mainly used in small trainer planes like a Cessna 172 or Cessna 152. It generates a good amount of lift.

Elliptical wing

Elliptical wings are in an oval-like shape.
not popularly used nowadays. ex-Supermarine spitfire,Henkel HE 70
was used in military aircraft.

Taper wings

A tapered wing's base/root length is more than the tip length as shown above.
Made for reducing drag (friction in the air). Mostly used in today's commercial airliners Ex: A380, B777x, A340, A350,A320,B747,B787.

Swept back wings

Swept-back wings are just wing angled back a little bit examples: TU 95 Bear
Boeing B52 Stratofortress. mostly used in military planes.

Forward swept wing

Forward swept wings are just the opposite of swept-back it is angled forward.
Mostly used in experimental and fighter planes. Examples:X 29,